Last updated 2026-07-10

TL;DR

The SunRay Savannah HL300K is a 3-person, 1,530W indoor infrared sauna built from Canadian hemlock with eight carbon-fiber heaters and a claimed low-EMF output. It runs on a standard 120V outlet, assembles in about two hours, and typically sells in the $1,400 to $1,800 range. It's a solid mid-market pick for households that want a real sauna without wiring a 240V circuit.

What exactly is the SunRay Savannah HL300K?

The SunRay Savannah HL300K is a prefabricated, plug-and-play indoor infrared sauna sized for three people. SunRay is a brand distributed under the same North American umbrella as Health Mate and JNH, and the Savannah sits mid-range in that lineup. The cabin is built from Canadian hemlock, a softwood that resists warping and doesn't off-gas as aggressively as some tropical alternatives. Exterior dimensions run roughly 65" wide x 47" deep x 75" tall, so it drops into most spare bedrooms, basements, or large bathrooms without renovation.

Here's what separates infrared from a traditional Finnish sauna: the way heat reaches your body. A rock heater warms the air to 180 to 210°F and lets the hot air do the work. Infrared panels emit radiant heat that tissue absorbs directly, keeping cabin air in the 120 to 140°F range [1]. The lower air temperature lets most people stay in longer, and folks who find conventional saunas oppressively stuffy usually tolerate infrared far better.

Whether that lower-temperature heat produces the same physiological payoff is a genuine open question. The research comparing far-infrared to traditional sauna on cardiovascular markers is thin. A 2018 review in Mayo Clinic Proceedings pointed out that the strong observational data linking sauna use to lower cardiovascular risk comes almost entirely from traditional Finnish-style populations [2].

Still weighing infrared against steam? The sauna vs steam room comparison is a good place to start before you commit to any unit.

What are the HL300K's core specs and dimensions?

Below are the published specs for the Savannah HL300K. Prices move around; the $1,400 to $1,800 range reflects typical retail at the time of writing, not a guaranteed figure.

Spec Detail
Capacity 3 persons
Wood Canadian hemlock
Heaters 8 carbon-fiber far-infrared panels
Wattage 1,530W total
Power requirement 120V / 15A standard outlet
Temp range Up to ~140°F (60°C)
Interior dimensions ~57" W x 40" D x 70" H
Exterior dimensions ~65" W x 47" D x 75" H
Weight ~310 to 330 lbs assembled
Preheat time 20 to 30 minutes to operating temp
Certifications ETL listed (ANSI/UL standards)
Typical retail price $1,400 to $1,800

The ETL listing matters more than the marketing does. ETL is a nationally recognized testing laboratory recognized by OSHA, and its listing confirms the unit was tested to ANSI/UL electrical safety standards [3]. That's the floor you want under anything drawing 1,500 watts inside your house.

The 120V plug-in design is the real convenience story. Most 3-person and larger infrared saunas need a dedicated 240V circuit, which adds electrician costs of roughly $200 to $600 depending on your panel and how far the run is [4]. Keeping the HL300K at 120V/15A means it plugs into any properly rated outlet. Just don't share that circuit with other high-draw appliances.

What kind of heaters does the HL300K use, and does that matter?

The Savannah uses carbon-fiber far-infrared (FIR) panels. Three heater types dominate the consumer market: ceramic rod, carbon flat-panel, and carbon-fiber. Ceramic rods heat fast and get hotter, but they concentrate heat in spots and wear out sooner. Carbon flat panels spread heat evenly but can run cool. Carbon-fiber lands in the middle: even distribution, faster warm-up than plain carbon, and a longer rated life than ceramic. Manufacturers typically claim 30,000 to 50,000 hours for carbon-fiber panels, though independent verification of those numbers is hard to find.

The HL300K places panels on the back wall, both side walls, the floor (a foot heater), and, in some configurations, under the bench. That wrap-around layout means your core, legs, and feet all catch radiant energy at once instead of just your back. For anyone using the sauna for muscle recovery, coverage like that matters more than peak temperature.

Far-infrared wavelengths run roughly 5.6 to 1000 micrometers. The pitch is that FIR reaches deeper into tissue than near-infrared or plain warm air, possibly 1.5 inches into muscle [5]. The honest caveat: controlled studies isolating FIR penetration depth in living human tissue are limited. Most cited figures come from physics models or ex-vivo tissue, not clinical trials. What you actually feel is radiant warmth fast and sweat at lower air temperatures. That part is real and repeatable, even if the depth-of-penetration story gets oversold.

How low is the EMF output, and should you care?

EMF (electromagnetic field) exposure from infrared heaters is a fair consumer question, and the honest answer is that even poorly shielded panels sit far below any published safety threshold. Carbon-fiber and carbon flat-panel heaters emit extremely low-frequency (ELF) EMF as a byproduct of running AC current. Consumer infrared saunas without active EMF cancellation measure 20 to 200 milligauss (mG) at bench distance depending on design [6].

SunRay markets the HL300K as "low EMF." They do not publish a specific milligauss figure in their public documentation, which is a transparency gap worth flagging. Third-party testers using gaussmeters have reported 2 to 10 mG at seated body distance on comparable SunRay carbon-fiber models. Those tests aren't peer-reviewed and methodology varies, so treat them as directional.

For context: the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) sets a general public reference level of 2,000 mG for continuous ELF-EMF exposure at 50 to 60 Hz [7]. Even a poorly shielded panel at 200 mG is one-tenth of that reference level. If EMF still worries you, ask the retailer for a measured milligauss spec sheet rather than a bare "low EMF" claim before you buy anything.

The broader sauna benefits research doesn't isolate EMF as a variable, so there's no meaningful data suggesting 2 mG versus 20 mG changes any health outcome inside a sauna.

Infrared sauna heater EMF output vs. ICNIRP public reference level | Milligauss (mG) at seated body distance, consumer infrared sauna panels
ICNIRP public reference limit (ELF-EMF) 2,000
Typical unshielded infrared panel (max) 200
Typical unshielded infrared panel (min) 20
Low-EMF carbon-fiber panel (reported range high) 10
Low-EMF carbon-fiber panel (reported range low) 2

Source: ICNIRP Guidelines (2020) [citation 7]; industry third-party testing ranges [citation 6]

How hard is assembly, and how long does it actually take?

Assembly is the single most common complaint in prefab sauna reviews, and the HL300K is no exception. It ships in several flat-pack cartons, usually three to five, and two adults generally finish in 90 minutes to 2.5 hours. The tongue-and-groove wall panels interlock without tools. The real time goes into connecting the heater wiring harnesses, seating the roof panels, and installing accessories like the control panel, interior lighting, and bench brackets.

SunRay includes a manual and the wiring is color-coded. Anyone with basic home-improvement confidence handles it fine. Two spots trip people up: the roof panels are heavy and awkward to lift into position alone, and the wiring harness connectors can be stiff. A second person isn't optional here. It's the difference between a two-hour job and a half-day of swearing.

The assembled cabin weighs 310 to 330 lbs. Confirm your floor can carry that plus occupant weight. A standard residential floor is engineered for at least 40 lbs per square foot, and the sauna spreads its load broadly, so structure is rarely a concern in most homes [8]. Basement slabs and most first-floor subfloors are fine. Upper floors in older homes deserve a quick contractor check.

Once built, it plugs in and runs. No plumbing, no 240V wiring, no building permit in most places. Some local codes do require permits for permanently installed structures above a certain footprint, so check with your local authority having jurisdiction before you set it in place.

What does the HL300K's control panel and interior experience look like?

The Savannah HL300K has a dual-zone digital control panel mounted inside and, depending on the package version, an exterior preset panel so you can start the sauna before you climb in. Interior controls set temperature, session time (typically up to 60 minutes), and an LED chromotherapy light system. Chromotherapy lighting is a nice-to-have, not a medical device, so treat color-therapy health claims with the skepticism they deserve.

There's a built-in Bluetooth audio system with two small speakers and an AUX input. Sound quality is basic. It works for podcasts and playlists. Don't expect hi-fi.

A Canadian hemlock bench runs across the back wall with a footrest below. The bench is slatted for airflow and comfortable for most adults without a towel pad, though anyone over 6'2" may find the interior depth tight when lying down. A magazine rack and a towel hook round it out, small details that matter when you're dripping.

Heat-up from a cold start to 120°F takes about 20 to 25 minutes. Reaching 135 to 140°F takes closer to 30 to 35. That beats most traditional saunas and makes a spontaneous session realistic instead of something you plan 45 minutes ahead.

How does the HL300K compare to competing 3-person infrared saunas?

The mid-market 3-person infrared space is crowded. Here's where the HL300K sits against the usual alternatives.

Model Wood Heaters Power EMF claim Price range
SunRay Savannah HL300K Canadian hemlock 8 carbon-fiber 120V/15A Low EMF $1,400 to $1,800
Dynamic Barcelona 3-person Canadian hemlock 9 carbon 120V/20A Low EMF $1,300 to $1,600
JNH Lifestyles 3-person Basswood 7 carbon 120V/15A Ultra-low EMF $1,100 to $1,400
Clearlight Sanctuary 3 Basswood/cedar Dual-wave (near+far) 240V True wave low EMF $4,500 to $5,500
Sunlighten mPulse 3 Basswood Full-spectrum 240V Third-party verified $5,000 to $7,000

The HL300K's edges are the 120V operation (no electrician), the eight-panel wrap-around heater layout, and ETL certification. Its gaps against the premium brands are worth naming honestly: thinner wall panels than a Clearlight or Sunlighten, less rigorous published EMF data, and customer service that gets mixed reviews in owner communities.

Against JNH and Dynamic, the HL300K is a peer. You're choosing between brands with similar manufacturing origins and similar prices. The Dynamic Barcelona wants a 20A circuit instead of 15A, which matters if your outlet isn't already rated for it. JNH uses basswood, which some buyers prefer for its lighter look and which is structurally comparable to hemlock.

If budget is your top constraint, any 120V unit in the $1,100 to $1,800 range delivers real infrared sessions. The gap between a $1,600 HL300K and a $5,000 Clearlight is real but not proportional to health outcomes. At the premium end you're paying for build quality, wood thickness, deeper warranties, and more transparent EMF testing.

For the full decision tree before buying any home sauna, the category guide walks through it.

Is Canadian hemlock a good wood for a sauna?

Yes, Canadian hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is one of the most common sauna woods at this price and a reasonable pick. It's a fine-grained softwood that shrugs off warping under heat and humidity cycling, doesn't splinter easily, and carries a neutral, faint scent that never takes over the room. It's lighter in color than cedar, which some buyers prefer.

Cedar has stronger natural antimicrobial properties and a bigger scent, which is why premium saunas reach for it. Basswood is odor-free and hypoallergenic, the go-to for anyone sensitive to wood off-gassing. Hemlock lands between the two: some natural oils, but not as pronounced as cedar, and it won't irritate fragrance-sensitive users the way cedar occasionally does.

One practical note. Any sauna wood off-gasses a little during the first several sessions as it cures. That's normal. Run the unit empty at full temperature for two or three sessions before your first use and most of it clears out. The same goes for the adhesives in the bench.

The hemlock panels in the HL300K run about 3/8" to 1/2" thick. Thicker panels (3/4" in high-end units) hold heat better and feel more solid, but 1/2" is standard at this tier. Thermal retention matters less in an infrared sauna than in a traditional one, because you're heating bodies, not a mass of air.

What do real owners say about the HL300K, and what are the common complaints?

Owner feedback across retail review platforms and sauna forums (r/sauna on Reddit is the most active English-language community) clusters around a handful of consistent themes. This is a pattern summary from public reviews, not a testimonial section.

The praise that repeats: easier assembly than competitors, reliable heat-up, a comfortable three-person bench layout, and the 120V convenience. Plenty of owners report daily use for 6 to 18 months with no mechanical trouble.

The complaints that also repeat: the Bluetooth speakers underwhelm, the exterior digital controller can fail inside the first year (a control-board quality issue), and warranty response times get described as slow. Some owners note minor surface checking (hairline cracks) in the wood over the first year. That's cosmetic and normal in softwoods, but alarming if nobody warned you.

The biggest structural complaint is panel warping in very humid climates when the sauna sits in a non-air-conditioned space like a garage. The HL300K is rated for indoor use. Putting it in an uncontrolled-humidity environment throws out the intended use case. For a garage or a damp basement, a traditional outdoor barrel sauna is the better tool. The outdoor sauna guide covers that ground.

SunRay's published warranty runs a limited lifetime term on the wood structure, 5 years on heaters, 3 years on electrical components, and 1 year on accessories. Read the fine print: "limited lifetime" warranties in this category usually exclude cosmetic issues and make the buyer pay return shipping on defective parts.

What are the real health benefits supported by research, and what's overstated?

Infrared sauna claims run from well-supported to outright speculative, and the only honest way to handle it is to sort them.

Well-supported: repeated sauna use (2 to 4 sessions a week over weeks to months) is associated with cardiovascular improvements, including lower blood pressure and better endothelial function, in multiple trials. A 2002 trial by Kihara et al. in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found statistically significant improvements in vascular endothelial and cardiac function in heart failure patients using a 60°C far-infrared sauna daily for two weeks [9]. Passive heat stress also triggers heat shock protein production, which has immunological relevance in early research.

Moderately supported: pain reduction in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia. A 2009 study in Clinical Rheumatology reported short-term improvement in pain and fatigue after infrared sauna sessions, though the trial was small (17 participants) and the effect sizes were modest [10].

Overstated or unsupported: "detoxification" through sweat, one of the most repeated marketing claims and one of the least supported. Sweat is mostly water and electrolytes. The kidneys and liver do the body's actual detoxification. Trace heavy metals do show up in sweat, but the clinical significance of sweat-based excretion versus renal clearance isn't established in meaningful human trials.

The conservative framing is the accurate one. A sauna is a wellness tool with real physiological effects, not a medical device. If you have cardiovascular disease, are pregnant, or take medications that affect thermoregulation, get physician clearance before regular use. Major cardiology bodies have not endorsed specific home sauna protocols [11].

For the fuller picture on what the evidence actually shows, the sauna benefits breakdown goes deeper than this section can.

How does infrared sauna fit into a broader heat and cold recovery routine?

Pairing sauna heat with cold exposure is one of the more interesting recovery protocols in the athletic world right now, and the HL300K slots into it cleanly. The basic move: sauna first to raise core temperature, then cold immersion (shower, cold plunge, or ice bath) to drive fast vasoconstriction. The swing between heat-driven vasodilation and cold-driven vasoconstriction is thought to act like a circulatory pump.

The honest caveat on the research: most contrast therapy studies use traditional sauna temperatures (180 to 200°F), not infrared at 120 to 140°F. Whether a 30-minute far-infrared session produces comparable cardiovascular preloading for contrast purposes hasn't been studied head-to-head. What we do know is that core temperature rises meaningfully during infrared sessions, typically 1 to 2°F after 30 to 45 minutes at 130°F, and that's the variable that matters here [12].

Building a home recovery setup? A cold plunge next to an infrared sauna is the most complete configuration. Ice baths are the lower-cost entry point, covered in the ice bath guide. Cold water immersion at 50 to 59°F for 10 to 15 minutes after a sauna appears to amplify the perceived recovery effect for most athletes, though controlled trials on the specific sauna-then-cold sequence are smaller than the general cold immersion literature.

SweatDecks carries both infrared saunas and cold plunges if you want to compare options in one place. The HL300K doesn't have to be a standalone buy. It works best as one half of a heat-cold routine rather than heat alone.

If you're new to home sauna ownership, start with three sessions a week at 20 to 30 minutes and build from there. Going too hard in the first week gets you dehydration and fatigue, not faster adaptation.

Is the SunRay Savannah HL300K worth buying, or should you consider alternatives?

Straight answer: the HL300K is a good buy for a specific person and a bad buy for others.

It's the right call if you want a three-person infrared sauna, don't want to hire an electrician for 240V wiring, have a dry indoor space with a standard 15A outlet, and have a budget under $2,000. The hemlock construction is honest for the money, the eight-panel heater layout is above average for the mid-market, and ETL certification clears the safety bar.

It's the wrong call if you want the EMF transparency of a Clearlight or Sunlighten, expect premium build quality (thick wood, flawless joinery, fast warranty service), plan to install it in a humid garage or basement, or want full-spectrum infrared that includes near and mid wavelengths. At that point you're shopping a $4,000-plus unit with fundamentally different engineering.

Against its direct peers (JNH, Dynamic, Superior), the HL300K holds up well. The eight-panel layout and 120V/15A operation are genuine differentiators. If you find the HL300K and the Dynamic Barcelona at similar prices, pick based on which brand's customer service reputation you trust more, because build quality at this tier is nearly identical.

One thing worth doing before you buy: check whether the retailer offers white-glove delivery and assembly. The cartons are heavy (total shipping weight typically 380 to 420 lbs), and getting them into a basement or up to a third-floor apartment is a real logistical problem. Budget for it.

Tight on space? Look at the portable sauna category. A one-person infrared tent costs $150 to $400 and delivers some of the same thermal stimulus, though the experience is nowhere near a cabin unit.

Frequently asked questions

Does the SunRay Savannah HL300K require a special electrical outlet?

No. The HL300K runs on a standard 120V/15A household outlet, a genuine advantage over most 3-person infrared saunas that need a dedicated 240V circuit. Make sure the outlet is on a dedicated or lightly loaded circuit with no other high-draw appliances sharing it. Do not use an extension cord with any sauna unit.

How long does the HL300K take to heat up?

From a cold start, the HL300K hits 120°F in about 20 to 25 minutes. Reaching its upper range of 135 to 140°F takes closer to 30 to 35 minutes. Many users enter around 110°F and let the cabin keep climbing during the session. That preheat is shorter than a traditional wood-burning or electric rock sauna, which usually needs 45 to 60 minutes.

What is the HL300K's EMF output in milligauss?

SunRay does not publish a specific milligauss figure in its consumer documentation, which is a transparency gap. Third-party testers have reported 2 to 10 mG at seated body distance on comparable SunRay carbon-fiber models. For reference, the ICNIRP public reference level for continuous ELF-EMF is 2,000 mG. If you want a guaranteed measured figure, ask the retailer for a spec sheet before buying.

Can one person put the HL300K together alone?

Technically possible, practically a bad idea. The roof panels are heavy and awkward to position without a second set of hands, and some wiring harness connections are much easier with one person holding and one connecting. Most owners who assemble solo report 4 to 6 hours and a lot of frustration. Two people finish in 90 minutes to 2.5 hours.

Is Canadian hemlock a good wood for an infrared sauna?

Yes, for the price point. Hemlock resists warping under heat and humidity cycling, has a neutral scent, and doesn't splinter easily. It's not as naturally antimicrobial as cedar, or as hypoallergenic as basswood, but it's a practical, durable choice for a mid-market infrared sauna. Surface checking (hairline cracks) is normal in any softwood sauna after the first few months of use.

What warranty does the SunRay Savannah HL300K come with?

SunRay publishes a limited lifetime warranty on the wood structure, 5 years on heaters, 3 years on electrical components, and 1 year on accessories like the audio system and lighting. "Limited lifetime" in this category generally excludes cosmetic damage and normal wear. Confirm whether the retailer or manufacturer handles claims and who pays return shipping on defective parts.

How much does the HL300K weigh and will my floor support it?

The assembled unit weighs roughly 310 to 330 lbs. Adding three occupants brings the total to about 600 to 800 lbs depending on body weight. Standard residential floors are engineered for 40 lbs per square foot or more. The sauna's roughly 21-square-foot footprint spreads that load well below typical floor limits. Older homes or upper floors warrant a contractor check if you're uncertain.

Can you use the HL300K outdoors or in a garage?

No. SunRay rates the HL300K for climate-controlled indoor use only. Putting it in an uninsulated garage or outdoors exposes the wood panels and electronics to humidity swings that cause warping, panel separation, and electrical failure. It also likely voids the warranty. For outdoor or garage placement, a traditional barrel or cabin sauna built for exterior conditions is the right tool.

How does the HL300K compare to a traditional Finnish sauna?

The biggest differences are temperature and humidity. The HL300K maxes at about 140°F with very low humidity. A traditional Finnish sauna runs 175 to 210°F with steam from water poured on rocks. The infrared unit is more comfortable for heat-sensitive users and needs no plumbing or high-voltage wiring. Most cardiovascular research on sauna health benefits was done on traditional Finnish saunas, so the evidence base isn't directly transferable.

Is the HL300K big enough for three adults?

The interior is about 57" wide by 40" deep. Three average-sized adults fit on the bench, but it's a cozy fit, not a spacious one. Two adults use it comfortably with room to stretch. If you regularly want three people genuinely relaxing rather than just fitting, a 4-person unit gives everyone more room. The "3-person" rating is accurate for seating, not for a spa-like experience at capacity.

How much electricity does the HL300K use per session?

At 1,530W, a 45-minute session uses roughly 1.15 kWh. At the U.S. average residential electricity rate of about $0.16/kWh in 2024, that's around $0.18 per session. Daily use for a year runs about $66 in electricity. These are estimates; actual consumption depends on how long you preheat and your local utility rate.

Can I use essential oils or pour water on the HL300K heaters?

No. The carbon-fiber panel heaters aren't built for water or oil exposure. Pouring water on them creates a shock risk and damages the panels. For an aromatic experience, use a small dish of water placed near (not on) a heater, or apply essential oils to a cedar block on the bench. To do water-on-rocks, you need a traditional electric or wood-burning sauna heater.

How does pairing the HL300K with a cold plunge affect recovery?

Alternating infrared heat with cold immersion (a cold plunge, ice bath, or cold shower) creates a swing between vasodilation and vasoconstriction that many athletes describe as more effective for muscle recovery than either alone. Cold water at 50 to 59°F for 10 to 15 minutes after a sauna session is a common protocol. Research on this specific sequence is preliminary, but the physiological rationale is sound and healthy adults tolerate it well.

Sources

  1. Vatansever F, Hamblin MR. 'Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications.' Photonics & Lasers in Medicine, 2012.: Infrared saunas maintain lower cabin air temperatures (120–140°F range) compared to traditional saunas by using radiant heat absorbed directly by tissue.
  2. Laukkanen JA et al. 'Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of Sauna Bathing.' Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2018.: Observational data on sauna use and cardiovascular risk reduction comes almost entirely from traditional Finnish-style populations, not infrared sauna studies.
  3. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) Program.: ETL is a nationally recognized testing laboratory recognized by OSHA; its listing confirms testing to ANSI/UL electrical safety standards.
  4. Vatansever F, Hamblin MR. 'Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications.' Photonics & Lasers in Medicine, 2012.: Far-infrared wavelengths are claimed to penetrate tissue up to approximately 1.5 inches, based on physics models and ex-vivo tissue studies.
  5. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Electric and Magnetic Fields.: Typical consumer infrared sauna heaters without EMF shielding can emit 20–200 milligauss at bench distance depending on design.
  6. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (2020).: ICNIRP sets a general public reference level of 2,000 milligauss for continuous ELF-EMF exposure at 50–60 Hz.
  7. International Code Council. International Residential Code, minimum residential floor live load.: Standard residential floors are engineered for a minimum live load of 40 lbs per square foot.
  8. Kihara T et al. 'Repeated sauna treatment improves vascular endothelial and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.' Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2002.: A trial found statistically significant improvements in vascular endothelial and cardiac function in heart failure patients using a 60°C far-infrared sauna daily.
  9. Oosterveld FGJ et al. 'Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.' Clinical Rheumatology, 2009.: A 17-participant trial found patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia showed short-term improvement in pain and fatigue after infrared sauna sessions.
  10. American College of Cardiology. Patient resources and clinical guidance.: Major cardiology bodies have not endorsed specific home sauna protocols; patients with cardiovascular disease should seek physician clearance.
  11. Podstawski R et al. 'Sauna-induced body mass changes and recovery: a systematic review.' International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021.: Core temperature rises meaningfully during infrared sauna sessions, typically 1–2°F after a 30–45 minute session at approximately 130°F.
  12. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Electricity sales, revenue, and average retail price.: The U.S. average residential electricity rate was approximately $0.16 per kWh as of 2024, used to calculate per-session operating cost.
"