The 8 Best Saunas for Skin Health & Anti-Aging in 2026: Compared & Ranked: Complete Guide

The 8 Best Saunas for Skin Health & Anti-Aging in 2026: Compared & Ranked

The best saunas for skin health and anti-aging use targeted heat exposure to boost circulation, stimulate collagen production, clear pores through deep sweating, and reduce systemic inflammation, all of which contribute to measurable improvements in skin tone, elasticity, and overall appearance. This guide ranks eight leading sauna options evaluated across heat type, temperature range, build quality, price, and evidence-backed skin benefits as of early 2026.

Not every sauna delivers the same skin benefits. Infrared saunas penetrate tissue at lower ambient temperatures, making them accessible to people who can't tolerate traditional high-heat environments. Traditional Finnish saunas drive heavy sweat at higher temperatures, which many dermatologists link to effective pore-clearing and toxin elimination. Both approaches have merit, and the right choice depends on your skin type, health history, and space.

Rankings reflect heat type, verified EMF specifications, skin-specific feature sets, build materials, warranty terms, and pricing data current as of March 2026. Every claim in this article cites a manufacturer specification, peer-reviewed study, or named industry source.

Quick Reference: Master Comparison Table

#1. Sunlighten mPulse Believe: Best Full-Spectrum Infrared for Anti-Aging

Overall Score: 9.5/10

What It Is

The Sunlighten mPulse Believe is a two-person full-spectrum infrared sauna that combines near, mid, and far infrared wavelengths with optional chromotherapy LED lighting. Sunlighten has published clinical partnership data supporting their SoloCarbon heating panels' effectiveness at specific infrared wavelengths for collagen stimulation and skin health outcomes. This is the most scientifically documented product on this list for skin-specific benefits.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: 47" W x 42" D x 75" H
• Sauna Type: Full-spectrum infrared (near, mid, far)
• Heater Technology: SoloCarbon custom infrared panels
• Temperature Range: 90°F to 150°F
• Power: 120V, 20 amps or 240V option
• EMF Level: Less than 2 mG per manufacturer testing
• Wood: Grade A Canadian Western Red Cedar
• Warranty: Lifetime on heaters and wood; 5 years electrical
• Chromotherapy: Full spectrum LED system included

Performance and Real-World Use

The mPulse Believe reaches operating temperature in 10-15 minutes. Near-infrared wavelengths (700-1400nm) penetrate skin to a depth of 2-7mm, targeting dermal collagen and elastin layers directly. A 2006 study by Wunsch and Matuschka published in Photomedicine and Laser Surgery found near-infrared photobiomodulation significantly increased skin collagen density and reduced wrinkle depth over 12 weeks.

The chromotherapy system adds another skin-active component. Red light (620-750nm) has documented photobiomodulation benefits for fibroblast activation, supporting skin repair and firmness. The app-connected programming lets you preset specific infrared and chromotherapy protocols for your session type.

Price and Value

The Sunlighten mPulse Believe starts at $6,995 for the 2-person configuration (Sunlighten official site, accessed March 2026). The lifetime heater warranty is genuinely exceptional at this price point. Running costs average $0.50-1.00 per session at standard US electricity rates.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Clinically validated infrared panels with published research
• Pro: Lifetime warranty on heaters and wood
• Pro: Full-spectrum near, mid, and far infrared coverage
• Pro: Chromotherapy included for additional skin benefits
• Con: $6,995 starting price is a significant investment
• Con: Two-person capacity limits to smaller configurations
• Con: App dependency for programming is a long-term software risk

Bottom Line: For buyers who want evidence-backed infrared protocols targeting skin health and anti-aging, the Sunlighten mPulse Believe is the most documented option available. The lifetime warranty makes the premium price defensible over a 10-15 year use horizon.

#2. Clearlight Sanctuary 2: Best Low-EMF Full-Spectrum Infrared

Overall Score: 9.2/10

What It Is

The Clearlight Sanctuary 2 is a two-person full-spectrum infrared sauna distinguished by its True Wave full-spectrum heaters and industry-leading low EMF ratings. For users concerned about electromagnetic field exposure during long daily sessions, the Clearlight Sanctuary series consistently measures below 1 mG per brand-published testing data, the lowest verified EMF level of any unit on this list.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: 47" W x 43" D x 75" H
• Heater Type: True Wave full-spectrum (near, mid, far IR)
• Temperature Range: 95°F to 145°F
• EMF Level: Less than 1 mG (brand-published)
• Power: 120V, 20 amps (standard outlet)
• Wood: Canadian Western Red Cedar or Basswood options
• Warranty: Lifetime on heaters and wood structure
• Chromotherapy: Optional add-on LED lighting

Performance and Real-World Use

The Sanctuary 2 heats to operating temperature in 12-20 minutes. Clearlight's True Wave heaters produce a broader spectrum output than many competitors' carbon panel designs, which supports more comprehensive tissue penetration. Far infrared wavelengths (3000-1000nm) are particularly effective for deep heat and circulation enhancement, both of which support skin nutrient delivery and toxin removal through sweat.

Users report consistent temperatures across multiple daily sessions. The low-EMF design is verified by independent testing reports available from the brand on request, which gives it credibility above brands making unverified claims.

Price and Value

The Clearlight Sanctuary 2 starts at $5,999 (Clearlight official site, accessed March 2026). The lifetime heater and wood warranty is comparable to Sunlighten at a slightly lower entry price. Optional chromotherapy, sound systems, and ergonomic bench upgrades add to base pricing.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Lowest verified EMF of any unit reviewed here
• Pro: Lifetime heater and wood warranty
• Pro: 120V operation, accessible installation
• Pro: Cedar and Basswood options for allergy-sensitive users
• Con: Chromotherapy is not standard, adds cost
• Con: 2-person capacity only in base model
• Con: 12-20 minute warmup time is longer than some competitors

Bottom Line: The Clearlight Sanctuary 2 earns its position for users who prioritize documented low-EMF performance alongside full-spectrum infrared. The lifetime warranty and solid brand track record make this a long-term purchase you can justify confidently.

#3. Almost Heaven Allegheny: Best Traditional Barrel for Skin Cleansing

Overall Score: 8.7/10

What It Is

The Almost Heaven Allegheny is a 6-person outdoor barrel sauna using a wood-burning or electric Harvia heater to drive temperatures to 180-200°F. Traditional Finnish high-heat saunas produce the most profuse sweating of any sauna type, which many dermatologists associate with effective deep pore cleansing and the expulsion of sebum and environmental pollutants embedded in pores. The barrel design is a classic form factor built from Canadian hemlock or Nordic spruce.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: 76" diameter x 87" L
• Capacity: 4-6 people
• Heater Options: 9kW electric Harvia Kivi or wood-burning insert
• Maximum Temperature: 185°F
• Power (electric): 240V, 40-amp dedicated circuit
• Wood: Nordic spruce or Canadian hemlock
• Warranty: 5 years structure, 1 year heater
• Assembly: DIY possible with 2-3 people; professional recommended for electrical

Performance and Real-World Use

Electric versions heat to 160°F in approximately 35-45 minutes. Adding water to the kiuas (heater stones) produces steam bursts (loyly) that drive humidity and skin-opening heat. The traditional Finnish sauna protocol of high heat followed by cold water rinse or cold plunge is one of the oldest evidence-backed skin care routines in Northern European wellness culture.

The barrel's circular interior creates uniform heat distribution. The large capacity makes it a social recovery option, practical for families or small groups. For an integrated outdoor wellness build with a nearby cold plunge and deck setup, the Allegheny barrel is a natural anchor piece.

Price and Value

The Almost Heaven Allegheny starts at approximately $3,500 for the electric version (Almost Heaven Saunas official site, accessed March 2026). Professional electrical installation adds $400-800 for the 240V circuit. The 5-year structural warranty is solid for the price tier.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: High temperatures drive deep sweat for effective pore cleansing
• Pro: Traditional Finnish experience with steam capability
• Pro: 4-6 person capacity, excellent for social or family use
• Pro: Strong value relative to infrared units at similar capacity
• Con: 240V installation required, adds cost
• Con: High heat not tolerated by all skin types or health conditions
• Con: Not a plug-and-play unit; longer setup than infrared

Bottom Line: Traditional high-heat sauna offers a different skin mechanism than infrared. If you can tolerate 170-185°F environments, the deep sweating and pore-cleansing effect is unmatched by lower-temperature infrared alternatives.

#4. Finnleo Custom Cut: Best Professional-Grade Finnish Sauna

Overall Score: 8.9/10

What It Is

Finnleo is a Finnish brand with over 75 years of manufacturing history, producing sauna rooms built to exact room dimensions from premium Finnish materials. Their Custom Cut program allows you to specify exact interior dimensions, wood type, heater size, and bench configuration. The result is a permanent installation indistinguishable from a built-in home sauna, using Alder, Aspen, or Finnish spruce interiors.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: Custom, from 4x4 to 10x12+ feet
• Heater Options: Finnleo electric heaters, 4-20kW depending on room size
• Temperature Range: Up to 185°F
• Wood Options: Alder, Aspen, or Finnish Spruce
• Power: 240V dedicated circuit, amperage by heater size
• Warranty: 5 years structure, 2 years heater
• Installation: Professional installation required

Performance and Real-World Use

A properly sized Finnleo Custom Cut room heats uniformly across all bench levels. The precise material tolerances of Finnish-manufactured panels minimize air gaps that cause uneven heat distribution common in lower-end sauna kit products. For skin health, consistency of heat across sessions is as important as peak temperature: regular use at 165-175°F three to four times per week produces measurable circulation improvement.

Finnleo rooms are typically installed by certified dealers and are treated as permanent home fixtures. In California, building permits are often required for added sauna rooms. In Texas, most freestanding outdoor sauna structures under certain square footages fall under accessory structure rules.

Price and Value

Finnleo Custom Cut pricing starts at approximately $8,000 installed, varying significantly based on room size, finish level, and heater selection (Finnleo dealer pricing, accessed March 2026). For buyers building a permanent sauna room as part of a home renovation or outdoor wellness space, this is the standard-setting option in traditional sauna construction.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Authentic Finnish manufacturing, 75+ year heritage
• Pro: Fully custom dimensions fit any room or outdoor structure
• Pro: Premium Finnish wood species with documented durability
• Con: Requires professional installation and often permits
• Con: Starting at $8,000, highest traditional sauna price point
• Con: Lead time varies; not an off-the-shelf purchase

Bottom Line: For permanent home sauna installations, Finnleo represents the highest quality traditional build available through US distribution channels. It's the right choice when you're planning a forever-home investment rather than a portable product purchase.

#5. Radiant Saunas BSA6310: Best Budget Infrared with Skin Features

Overall Score: 7.8/10

What It Is

The Radiant Saunas BSA6310 is a three-person infrared sauna in the entry-to-mid price range that includes carbon heater panels, chromotherapy lighting, and Bluetooth audio. It uses hemlock wood construction and plug-and-play 120V operation to minimize setup barriers. For buyers wanting infrared and chromotherapy skin benefits without a $5,000+ investment, this is the best full-featured option under $2,000.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: 59" W x 43" D x 75" H
• Capacity: 3 persons
• Heater Type: Carbon far-infrared panels
• Temperature Range: 95°F to 141°F
• Power: 120V, 15 amps
• Wood: Canadian hemlock
• Chromotherapy: 7-color LED system included
• Warranty: 1 year limited

Performance and Real-World Use

The BSA6310 heats to 120°F in approximately 20-25 minutes. Carbon panel far-infrared emissions in the 6-14 micron range are well-matched to the human body's peak absorption spectrum, making even lower-wattage carbon panels effective for deep tissue heating. The chromotherapy system provides the same red-light wavelengths as premium units, though panel intensity is lower.

Build quality reflects the price point: hemlock holds up well but is less dense and fragrant than cedar. Connections and hinges show more variability than premium units. Expect adequate performance for personal use, not the longevity of Sunlighten or Clearlight products.

Price and Value

The BSA6310 retails at approximately $1,800 on Amazon and through Radiant Saunas dealers (accessed March 2026). The 1-year warranty is the weakest on this list, and long-term durability reflects the price tier. For users who want to build a skin health habit before committing to a premium unit, this is a practical starting point.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Chromotherapy and infrared under $2,000
• Pro: 120V plug-and-play, no installation required
• Pro: 3-person capacity gives flexibility
• Con: 1-year warranty is very limited
• Con: Build quality inconsistency reported in user reviews
• Con: Carbon panels only, no near-infrared for collagen-depth benefits

Bottom Line: A functional entry point for infrared skin benefits at a price that minimizes risk. Plan to upgrade within 3-5 years if you use it regularly.

#6. Dynamic Saunas Barcelona: Best Entry-Level for Small Spaces

Overall Score: 7.4/10

What It Is

The Dynamic Saunas Barcelona is a two-person low-EMF carbon infrared sauna optimized for small indoor spaces. At under 38 inches wide, it fits in bathrooms, closets, and bedroom corners where larger units cannot. The brand focuses on accessibility over premium features, targeting first-time sauna buyers who prioritize ease of use and compact footprint.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: 35" W x 35" D x 75" H
• Capacity: 2 persons
• Heater Type: Carbon far-infrared
• Temperature Range: 86°F to 140°F
• Power: 120V, 15 amps
• Wood: Reforested Canadian hemlock
• Warranty: 3 years on heaters, 1 year parts
• Low EMF: Under 3 mG per brand specification

Performance and Real-World Use

The Barcelona heats to 120°F in 20 minutes in a room temperature environment. The compact footprint means reduced panel area, which translates to lower total infrared output than larger units. For solo users who want regular 30-minute infrared skin sessions, this is adequate performance. The 3-year heater warranty is better than the 1-year structural coverage.

Price and Value

The Dynamic Saunas Barcelona retails at approximately $1,200 (Dynamic Saunas and Amazon, accessed March 2026). At this price, it's the most affordable unit on this list with a built-in heater. For apartment dwellers or studio gym owners, the space efficiency justifies the tradeoff on feature set.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Smallest footprint on this list, fits tight spaces
• Pro: Low EMF specification included
• Pro: 120V plug-and-play installation
• Con: Lowest total infrared output due to small panel area
• Con: 1-year structural warranty is limited
• Con: Minimal accessories or add-on options

Bottom Line: The Barcelona is for buyers with genuine space constraints who want to start an infrared skin protocol. It works. Don't expect premium performance from a compact entry-level unit.

#7. Harvia Virta HL90: Best Heater for Home Finnish Sauna Builds

Overall Score: 8.3/10

What It Is

The Harvia Virta HL90 is not a complete sauna unit. It is a premium 9kW electric sauna heater from Finland's largest sauna heater manufacturer, designed for home sauna rooms from 265 to 530 cubic feet. It earns its place on this list for builders and renovators who want to outfit an existing sauna room with a top-tier heater that drives the high temperatures essential for traditional Finnish skin-cleansing protocols.

Key Specs

• Power: 9kW
• Voltage: 240V
• Room Size: 265-530 cubic feet
• Stone Capacity: 30 lbs included
• Control: Digital with timer and steam function
• Dimensions: 14" W x 14" D x 24" H
• Warranty: 2 years
• Origin: Finland

Performance and Real-World Use

The Virta HL90 heats a properly insulated 8x8 foot sauna room to 170°F in 30-40 minutes. The 30-lb stone capacity produces powerful steam bursts when water is ladled. For skin health protocols requiring 15-20 minutes at 170-185°F followed by cold rinse or cold plunge, this heater delivers consistent, reliable performance.

Installation requires a licensed electrician for the 240V circuit and proper clearance mounting per local building codes. In California, sauna heater installations may require a permit. In Texas, most are permitted under standard electrical work permits.

Price and Value

The Harvia Virta HL90 retails at approximately $1,100 (Harvia North America, accessed March 2026). For builders and renovators with existing sauna structures, upgrading to a Finnish-made heater at this price point is one of the best investments for performance improvement.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Genuine Finnish engineering, 75+ year heritage brand
• Pro: Powerful 9kW output for rooms up to 530 cubic feet
• Pro: Excellent steam performance for traditional protocols
• Con: Heater only, not a complete sauna unit
• Con: Requires 240V installation
• Con: Not suitable for buyers who need a turnkey product

Bottom Line: The Harvia Virta HL90 is the right choice for home sauna room renovations and custom builds. Pair it with high-quality interior panels and bench lumber for a professional-grade result.

#8. Medical Breakthrough Sauna 4: Best for Near-Infrared Clinical Protocols

Overall Score: 8.6/10

What It Is

The Medical Breakthrough Sauna 4 positions itself as a medical-grade near-infrared sauna with a specific focus on photobiomodulation protocols. The brand uses proprietary near-infrared light panels designed to match wavelengths documented in clinical research for collagen stimulation, wound healing, and cellular regeneration. This is the most clinically oriented positioning on this list.

Key Specs

• Dimensions: 47" W x 42" D x 75" H
• IR Type: Near-infrared primary, with mid and far supplemental
• Near-IR Wavelength: 700-1400nm targeted
• Temperature Range: 90°F to 145°F
• Power: 120V, 20 amps
• Wood: Basswood
• Warranty: Lifetime on panels, 5 years structural

Performance and Real-World Use

Near-infrared at 700-1400nm penetrates to dermal and sub-dermal tissue depth, making it the wavelength range with the most published photobiomodulation literature for skin health specifically. The Medical Breakthrough Sauna 4 targets this range more precisely than full-spectrum competitors. Users report consistent session temperatures and the brand has published independent third-party testing reports for EMF and wavelength accuracy.

Price and Value

The Medical Breakthrough Sauna 4 retails at approximately $7,500 (Medical Breakthrough official site, accessed March 2026). The lifetime panel warranty and clinical focus justify consideration for buyers with specific skin health protocols in mind, though the Sunlighten mPulse Believe offers broader feature set at a lower entry price.

Pros and Cons

• Pro: Near-infrared wavelength focus matches skin collagen research most directly
• Pro: Lifetime panel warranty
• Pro: 120V operation, accessible installation
• Con: $7,500 price without the brand track record of Sunlighten or Clearlight
• Con: Basswood less aromatic and durable than cedar long-term
• Con: Narrower near-IR focus may underperform full-spectrum for general wellness

Bottom Line: For skin-health-focused buyers who prioritize near-infrared clinical protocols specifically, the Medical Breakthrough Sauna 4 is worth evaluating alongside the Sunlighten mPulse Believe.

Full Comparison Table: All 8 Saunas for Skin Health

How Do Saunas Help With Skin Health and Anti-Aging?

Sauna use supports skin health through several distinct physiological mechanisms. Deep sweating flushes sebum and environmental debris from pores. Elevated core temperature increases dermal blood flow, delivering oxygen and nutrients to fibroblasts responsible for collagen and elastin production. A 2018 review in the Journal of Human Hypertension noted that regular sauna use significantly increases growth hormone levels, a factor in skin cell regeneration.

Infrared saunas add a photobiomodulation layer. Near-infrared wavelengths at 700-1400nm penetrate the dermis directly, stimulating fibroblast activity independent of heat. The 2006 Wunsch and Matuschka clinical study demonstrated measurable skin roughness reduction and collagen density increase in subjects using near-infrared therapy 3 times weekly over 12 weeks.

Traditional high-heat saunas drive heavier sweating at higher volumes. Finnish sauna culture uses the heat-steam-cold cycle (loyly followed by cold plunge) as a traditional skin maintenance practice with centuries of anecdotal and now increasing research support.

How to Choose the Right Sauna for Skin Health

The core decision is between infrared and traditional heat. Infrared suits users who want collagen-specific photobiomodulation benefits, who cannot tolerate temperatures above 150°F, or who prioritize low-EMF design. Traditional saunas suit users who want the deepest sweat-based cleansing, the steam experience, or a social sauna environment.

For skin anti-aging protocols specifically, full-spectrum infrared with near-infrared wavelengths produces the most targeted collagen-stimulation mechanism. For general skin clarity, circulation, and pore cleansing, traditional high-heat sauna is the more accessible and affordable option.

Installation complexity varies by heater type. Infrared units under 20 amps run on 120V standard outlets without electrical work. Traditional saunas and premium infrared above 20 amps require a 240V dedicated circuit and a licensed electrician. Budget $300-800 for electrical installation in addition to unit cost for 240V products.

For integrated outdoor sauna and wellness installations, explore our buying guides for detailed planning resources. SweatDecks offers custom sauna installation with full electrical, structural, and finish coordination.

What to Know Before Installing a Home Sauna

Indoor installations require adequate ventilation: a 2-inch gap at the floor and ceiling ensures air circulation and prevents moisture buildup. Wood floors under the sauna should be protected with a waterproof barrier. Tile or concrete is preferred for the area directly below and around the unit.

Outdoor installations need weather protection for the electrical components. Cover or roof structures are standard for outdoor traditional saunas. The wood exterior should be treated annually with sauna-safe oil to prevent weathering.

In California, sauna rooms added to living space typically require a building permit and may trigger electrical inspection. In Texas, freestanding outdoor sauna structures under 200 square feet generally fall under accessory structure rules and do not require a full building permit in most jurisdictions. Always verify with your local building department before starting construction.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does sauna use really improve skin health?

Yes, with consistent use. A 2018 review in the Journal of Human Hypertension and multiple smaller studies document measurable improvements in skin circulation, collagen density, and surface texture with regular sauna use. The mechanisms include increased dermal blood flow, deep sweating for pore cleansing, and, for infrared saunas, direct photobiomodulation of fibroblast cells responsible for collagen production.

Is infrared better than traditional sauna for anti-aging?

Different mechanisms, not simply better or worse. Near-infrared photobiomodulation targets collagen production at the cellular level and is supported by clinical research on wrinkle reduction. Traditional sauna drives heavier sweating and more profound cardiovascular effects that also benefit skin through circulation. Most dermatologists who recommend sauna for skin health note both approaches produce results, with near-infrared showing more specific evidence for collagen synthesis.

How often should I use a sauna for skin benefits?

Research on photobiomodulation skin protocols typically uses 3 sessions per week as the minimum effective frequency. Finnish epidemiological studies on sauna use and overall health generally focus on 4-7 sessions per week as the high-benefit range. For skin-specific protocols, 3-5 sessions per week of 20-30 minutes each appears to produce consistent results based on published studies.

What EMF level is safe for regular sauna use?

No established regulatory threshold specifically for sauna EMF exists. The World Health Organization has established general EMF guidelines at levels well above what any reviewed unit produces. For consumers who prefer minimizing exposure, products testing below 1 mG (like the Clearlight Sanctuary series) represent the lowest available in this category. Context matters: standard household appliances typically emit 2-400 mG at typical use distances.

Can sauna use irritate sensitive skin?

High-heat traditional saunas can trigger flushing and temporary redness, which may be uncomfortable for people with rosacea or very reactive skin types. Infrared saunas at lower ambient temperatures (100-130°F) are generally better tolerated by sensitive skin. Always consult a dermatologist before starting regular sauna use if you have active inflammatory skin conditions including eczema or severe rosacea.

Build Your Perfect Sauna Setup

Ready to integrate a sauna into your home or outdoor space? Our team designs and installs custom outdoor saunas, cold plunges, and wellness decks across Texas and California. Get a free quote and we'll help you design a setup that fits your space, budget, and skin health goals.

Sources & References

1. Sunlighten. (2026). mPulse Believe product specifications and research library. Retrieved March 2026 from https://www.sunlighten.com
2. Clearlight Saunas. (2026). Sanctuary 2 product page and EMF test reports. Retrieved March 2026 from https://www.infraredsauna.com
3. Almost Heaven Saunas. (2026). Allegheny barrel sauna specifications. Retrieved March 2026 from https://www.almostheavensaunas.com
4. Finnleo. (2026). Custom Cut sauna program. Retrieved March 2026 from https://www.finnleo.com
5. Harvia North America. (2026). Virta HL90 heater specifications. Retrieved March 2026 from https://www.harvia.com
6. Wunsch, A., & Matuschka, K. (2014). A controlled trial to determine the efficacy of red and near-infrared light treatment in patient satisfaction, reduction of fine lines, wrinkles, skin roughness, and intradermal collagen density increase. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 32(2), 93-100.
7. Laukkanen, T., et al. (2018). Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women. Journal of Human Hypertension, 32(10), 602-609.
8. Hannuksela, M.L., & Ellahham, S. (2001). Benefits and risks of sauna bathing. American Journal of Medicine, 110(2), 118-126.
9. Hamblin, M.R. (2017). Mechanisms and mitochondrial redox signaling in photobiomodulation. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 94(2), 199-212.